Benin, country of western Africa. Archaeologists are divided over whether all these cultural and economic attributes arrived with a single group of new immigrants speaking a new language or resulted from a more piecemeal development of different skills and the adoption of new techniques by indigenous hunter-gatherers, as…, …divided into three language groups: Bantu, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800.

Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. With its original speech community centered on the coastal parts of Zanzibar, Kenya, and Tanzania – a seaboard referred to as the Swahili Coast – the Bantu Swahili language contains many Arabic loan-words as a result of these interactions. That dispersal is attributable to the rapid expansion of people from the area of the Bight of Benin from the beginning of the 2nd millennium … [25] Versions of the word Bantu (that is, the root plus the class 2 noun class prefix *ba-) occur in all Bantu languages: for example, as bantu in Kikongo and Kituba; watu in Swahili; anthu in Chichewa; batu in Lingala; bato in Kiluba; bato in Duala; abanto in Gusii; andũ in Kamba and Kikuyu; abantu in Kirundi, Zulu, Xhosa, Runyakitara,[6] and Ganda; wandru in Shingazidja; abantru in Mpondo and Ndebele; bãthfu in Phuthi; bantfu in Swati and Bhaca ; banu in Lala; vanhu in Shona and Tsonga; batho in Sesotho, Tswana and Northern Sotho; antu in Meru; andu in Embu; vandu in some Luhya dialects; vhathu in Venda and bhandu in Nyakyusa. Two main scenarios are proposed, an early expansion to Central Africa, and a single origin of the dispersal radiating from there,[11] or an early separation into an eastward and a southward wave of dispersal, with one wave moving across the Congo basin towards East Africa, and another moving south along the African coast and the Congo River system towards Angola. In Brazil, the most common haplotypes are Bantu and Benin, and both confer a poor prognosis for patients when untreated with HC. After World War II, the National Party governments adopted that usage officially, while the growing African nationalist movement and its liberal allies turned to the term "African" instead, so that "Bantu" became identified with the policies of apartheid.

Am J Hematol. Author information: (1)Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de … Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: The Arab-Indian haplotype and new therapeutic agents. Both countries’ populations are largely rural, but more densely concentrated along the coast. Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the World: From the Beginnings of Humankind to the Present. By Keith Bradley, Paul Cartledge. Omissions? [2] The total number of speakers is in the hundreds of millions, ranging at roughly 350 million in the mid-2010s (roughly 30% of the population of Africa, or roughly 5% of the total world population). A monumental four-volume classification of Bantu languages, Comparative Bantu (1967–71), which was written by Malcolm Guthrie, has become the standard reference book used by most scholars—including those who disagree with Guthrie’s proposed classification, which sets up a basic western and eastern division in Bantu languages with a further 13 subdivisions.

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Bantu-speaking migrants would have also interacted with some Afro-Asiatic outlier groups in the southeast (mainly Cushitic),[14][15] as well as Nilotic and Central Sudanic speaking groups. The total number of languages ranges in the hundreds, depending on the definition of "language" or "dialect", estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages. On the basis of reduced haptoglobin (HP) levels, patients with Bantu/Bantu haplotypes had 3.0% higher hemolysis degree when compared with those with Bantu/Benin haplotypes (P=0.01). Updates? Much scholarly work has been done since the late 19th century to describe and classify the Bantu languages. Derek Nurse, 2006, "Bantu Languages", in the, Total population cannot be established with any accuracy due to the unavailability of precise census data from Sub-Saharan Africa. the Malagasy people showing Bantu admixture, and their Malagasy language Bantu loans. Epub 2013 Nov 27. Bandeira IC, Rocha LB, Barbosa MC, Elias DB, Querioz JA, Freitas MV, Gonçalves RP. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.

-, Blood Rev. By the 1970s this so discredited "Bantu" as an ethno-racial designation that the apartheid government switched to the term "Black" in its official racial categorizations, restricting it to Bantu-speaking Africans, at about the same time that the Black Consciousness Movement led by Steve Biko and others were defining "Black" to mean all non-European South Africans (Bantus, Khoisan, Coloureds, and Indians).

People speaking Bantu languages refer to their languages by ethnic endonyms, which did not have an indigenous concept prior to European contact for the larger ethno-linguistic phylum named by 19th century European linguists. The Bantu/Benin subgroup had intermediate levels of hemolytic and oxidative stress markers compared with the homozygous subgroups.

In Zulu the passive form is marked by the suffix -wa, as in thanda ‘love’ and thandwa ‘be loved’; the reciprocal by -an, e.g., thand-an-a ‘love one another’; the causative by -is, e.g., thand-is-a; the applied form (‘for,’ ‘on behalf of’) by -el, e.g., thand-el-a; the intensive by -isis, e.g., thand-isis-a ‘love exceedingly’; and the diminutive by reduplication.

Newman (1995), Ehret (1998), Shillington (2005), J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29, Roger Blench, "Was there an interchange between Cushitic pastoralists and Khoisan speakers in the prehistory of Southern Africa and how can this be detected? [19] Examples of South African usages of "Bantu" include: Kongo youth and adults in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Family of ethnolinguistic groups in Africa, "Guthrie (1967-71) names some 440 Bantu 'varieties', Grimes (2000) has 501 (minus a few 'extinct' or 'almost extinct', Bastin et al. Benin was a French colony from the late 19th century until 1960. 2000 Feb;63(2):79-84. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(200002)63:2<79::aid-ajh4>3.0.co;2-d. Bitoungui VJ, Pule GD, Hanchard N, Ngogang J, Wonkam A. OMICS. -, Am J Hematol.

A novel mosaic Bantu/Benin/Bantu beta s haplotype found in several African populations. In modern South Africa due to its connection to apartheid the noun has become so discredited that it is only used in its original linguistic meaning.[28]. Twelve Bantu languages are spoken by more than five million people, including Rundi, Rwanda, Shona, Xhosa, and Zulu. HHS USA.gov. The Benin/Benin patients had 53.6% greater lipid peroxidation index than the Bantu/Bantu patients (P=0.01) because of evaluated thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels. Possible movements by small groups to the southeast from the Great Lakes region could have been more rapid, with initial settlements widely dispersed near the coast and near rivers, due to comparatively harsh farming conditions in areas farther from water. Toward the 18th and 19th centuries, the flow of Zanj (Bantu) slaves from Southeast Africa increased with the rise of the Omani Sultanate of Zanzibar, based in Zanzibar, Tanzania. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Benin has a population of 9.88 million that is growing at an annual rate of 2.84%.

Cattle terminology in southern African Bantu languages differs from that found among more northerly Bantu-speaking peoples. [4] Most words in a Bantu sentence are marked by a prefix indicating the category to which the noun used as the subject of the sentence belongs, and, if there is an object, the words in that noun phrase and the verb are also marked by a prefix determined by the noun class of the object. 1989 Sep;32(1):66-9

-, JAMA. -. The name was coined to represent the word for "people" in loosely reconstructed Proto-Bantu, from the plural noun class prefix *ba- categorizing "people", and the root *ntʊ̀ - "some (entity), any" (e.g. the Shona of Zimbabwe (12 million as of 2000[update]), They were supposedly spread across Central, Eastern and Southern Africa in the so-called Bantu expansion, a comparatively rapid dissemination taking roughly two millenia and dozens of human generations during the 1st millennium BCE and the 1st millenium CE,[10] This concept has often been framed as a mass-migration, but Jan Vansina and others have argued that it was actually a cultural spread and not the movement of any specific populations that could be defined as an enormous group simply on the basis of common language traits. I just received my results from Ancestry.com that showed up as 42% Benin/Tot, 28% Cameroon and Southern Bantu, %17 Ivory Coast/Ghana, 4% Mali, and 1% Senegal.  |  ", The Chronological Evidence for the Introduction of Domestic Stock in Southern Africa, "Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana", The Cambridge World History of Slavery: The ancient Mediterranean world. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Blood. Cytokine. Archeological evidence attests to their presence in areas subsequently occupied by Bantu-speakers. There is no native term for the peoples who speak Bantu languages, because they are not an ethnic group. Gonçalves I(1), Gonçalves J, Périchon B, Osório-Almeida L, Krishnamoorthy R, Lavinha J. The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. [16]

Source: 995.7 million in 2016 according to the 2017 revision of the UN World Population Prospects, growth rate 2.5% p.a. p. 289. the Zulu of South Africa (12 million as of 2005[update]) the Luba of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 million as of 2010[update]), the Sukuma of Tanzania (9 million as of 2016[update]), or the Kikuyu of Kenya (8 million as of 2019[update]). Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. Some examples of such Bantu states include: in Central Africa, the Kingdom of Kongo, the Kuba Kingdom, the Lunda Empire, the Luba Empire, Tooro, Bunyoro, Buganda, BMC Med Genet. Corrections?

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